• Requires scientific and technological competence.


• Defines management of scientific and technological processes.


• Incorporates all management functions (organization, planning, control, human resources management, leadership, etc.) of R&D department.


• R&D is usually managed by utilizing systematic and well-defined methods.


• Represents processes that can be planned, controlled, and coordinated in a substantially good fashion.  

Technology Management:

• Includes all technologies owned by the company including purchased, licensed, and cooperatively acquired ones.


• Includes functions for determining and coordinating technology based competition advantage.


• Aims at developing and sustaining competitiveness of the company with regard to technology.


• It is not only concerned with new technologies, but also with strategic utilization of existing technologies.

Innovation Management:

• Includes all kinds of innovation (technological, organizational, and presentational).


• All scientific, technological, and administrative processes are in within this scope.


• It has to control processes working in the whole organization.


• Management of separate and non-recurring processes is fundamental.


• Focuses on handling resistance that may arise against innovation within the company and the market.


• Requires the solution of behavioral problems.